Along with nuts and bolts, washers are one of the most commonly used fasteners. They typically consist of a ring-shaped piece of metal with a threaded interior. Before placing a bolt through two objects that require joining, you run the bolt through a washer. Here are five common uses for washers.
#1) Distribute Fastener Load
One of the most common uses for washers is to distribute the load of a threaded fastener. Threaded fasteners, such as bolts, are used to join two or more objects. As you drive a bolt through a set of parts, however, you’ll expose the parts to a tension load. The head of the bolt will press against the top surface of the parts, potentially damaging them. Washers minimize the risk of damage such as this by distributing the tension load across a larger area.
#2) Spacers
Washers are often used as spacers. You can secure the end of a washer with a nut to hold the parts with which it’s used in place. Depending on the shape and orientation of the parts, though, twisting a nut on the end of the bolt may cause damage. Washers allow you to fill the voided space between a bolt’s head and the parts so that a nut won’t damage them.
#3) Prevents Loosening
Another common use for washers is to prevent loosening. Nuts and bolts can loosen over time. Loosening is particularly problematic when vibrations occur. If the fasteners are exposed to vibrations, such as the vibrations from an engine or machine, they may loosen. Cupped washers, for instance, are designed to prevent loosening. They feature a concave shape that, when installed, will flatten while simultaneously applying a counterforce.
#4) Friction Protection
Washers can protect fasteners and parts from friction-related damage. Friction, of course, occurs when two surfaces rub against each other. When you install a bolt, the head of the bolt will rub against the top surface of the parts with which it’s used. This will create friction that, if left unchecked, may result in damage. Washers offer protection from friction by creating a barrier between the head of the bolt and the parts.
#5) Insulating
Some washers are used to insulate spaces. They are designed to protect fasteners from electrical currents, dirt, moisture and other potential contaminants. Also known as shoulder washers, they are typically made of a synthetic material, such as nylon.
