Do you know the different phases of flight? Piloting an airplane is a complex task. It involves several different flight phases, each of which plays an important role in the operation of modern-day airplanes. For a better understanding of these flight phases and when they occur, keep reading.
#1) Preflight
The first phase of flight is preflight. Before taking off, pilots and crew members must perform a series of safety checks. This involves a visual inspection of the aircraft, checking fuel levels, reviewing weather conditions and reading the flight plan. According to the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), most safety issues can be identified during the preflight phase.
#2) Takeoff
The takeoff phase is exactly what it sounds like. After performing the necessary safety checks, pilots will begin to accelerate down the runway. As the airplane accelerates, it will eventually lift off and become airborne. The takeoff phase is the shortest flight phase, but it’s critically important, as most accidents occur during takeoff or landing.
#3) Climb
The climb phase involves the airplane gaining altitude. Once the airplane has become airborne, it will climb or ascend to a higher altitude. Most commercial airliners have a cruising altitude of about 30,000 to 35,000 feet. They will climb or ascend after taking off until they reach this cruising altitude. Pilots will carefully manage the airplane’s thrust, speed and pitch during the climb phase.
#4) Cruise
The cruise phase is the longest phase of flight. It involves the airplane flying at a consistent speed and altitude as it travels to the planned destination. Pilots will monitor systems and communicate with air traffic controllers during the cruise phase.
#5) Descent
The descent phase is the second-to-last phase of flight. It involves the airplane descending to a lower altitude. Pilots will reduce the airplane’s speed and altitude as they approach the runway. They will also maneuver the airplane so that it becomes aligned with the runway. If the airplane isn’t aligned, pilots may have to circle the runway and make a second attempt.
#6) Landing
The final phase of flight is landing. Along with the takeoff phase, the landing phase is one of the most important. Pilots must carefully descend while performing a smooth touchdown on the runway. Upon touchdown, pilots may engage brakes or reverse thrusters so that the airplane comes to a complete stop. Roughly half of all accidents occur during the takeoff or landing phase, which is why it’s important for pilots to use extreme caution during these phases.
