Airplanes are typically painted for both aesthetics and functional purposes. It allows commercial airlines to display their logos and other forms of branding while also protecting airplanes from environmental-related damage. There are several different types of aircraft paint, however, each of which has its own advantages.
Polyurethane Paint
One of the most commonly used types of aircraft pain is polyurethane. Also known as PU paint, it’s made from the polymer of its namesake. Polyurethane paint is essentially a plastic-like liquid that, when applied to the surface or an aircraft or part, hardens to form a protective shell.
Polyurethane paint is prized for its strength and durability. It can withstand regular exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays, as well as the rain and humidity, without degrading. Polyurethane paint is also glossy and gives off a nice finish. Therefore, most airplanes feature an outer layer of polyurethane paint.
Epoxy Paint
Epoxy paint is characterized by the presence of epoxy. It’s a two-part coating that consists of an epoxy resin and a hardener. The hardener is a chemical agent that, as the name suggests, hardens the epoxy resin. The hardener triggers a chemical reaction with the epoxy resin, thereby hardening it.
While polyurethane paint is typically used for outer coatings, epoxy paint is used as a primer. Rather than applying polyurethane paint directly to the bare surface of an aircraft or part, you should use a primer, such as epoxy paint. Epoxy paint offers strong adhesion to ensure that the polyurethane paint sticks.
Enamel Paint
Some airplanes feature enamel paint. Enamel paint is a type of single-stage paint that doesn’t require the use of a separate clear coat. It features a glossy finish — similar to polyurethane paint — but it’s not as durable.
During the early years of aviation, many airplanes were painted with enamel paint. It’s inexpensive and easy to apply. However, enamel paint has since been largely replaced with polyurethane paint, which is tougher and more durable.
Acrylic Lacquer Paint
Another type of aircraft paint is acrylic lacquer. It was popularized during the 1950s and 60s. Acrylic lacquer paint is fast-drying and lightweight. It also goes on smooth, allowing for easy application.
The downside to acrylic lacquer paint is that it doesn’t hold up well when exposed to the elements. It tends to fade quickly, especially when exposed to sunlight. As a result, airplanes and parts painted with acrylic lacquer require frequent repainting.
