Airplanes today are no longer made entirely of traditional metals and alloys. Many of them now feature composite materials in their construction. Composite materials are characterized by the use of multiple materials, such as a reinforcing fiber and a matrix. When used in airplanes, they offer several key advantages that aren’t found in traditional materials. Here are five facts about composite materials in the aerospace industry.
#1) The Boeing 787 Was The First Airplane Made of 50% Composite Materials
The Boeing 787 paved the way for composite materials in the aerospace industry. It was the first airplane to use 50% composite materials in its construction. Other airplanes were made of composite materials long before the Boeing 787, but they were made mostly of traditional materials like steel and aluminum. The Boeing 787, though, is made of 50% composite materials, 20% aluminum and 15% titanium.
#2) Allows for a Lower Weight
One of the reasons why so many airplanes are now being made of composite materials is because it allows for a lower weight. Composite materials typically weigh less than traditional materials. When designing the 787, for instance, engineers were able to lower its weight by roughly 20% by switching to composite materials.
#3) Allows for Higher Pressurization Levels
In addition to a lower weight, composite materials allow for higher pressurization levels. Commercial airplanes have pressurized cabins. At higher altitudes, the air is thinner and cooler. To provide passengers with a safe and comfortable flying experience, airlines pressurize their cabins. Airplanes made of composite materials support higher pressurization levels thanks to the strength of these alternative materials.
#4) Different Types of Composite Materials
There are different types of composite materials used in the aerospace industry. The most common type is carbon fiber. It’s made of long-form chains of carbon atoms that are bonded together into crystalline filaments. Each strand of carbon fiber is about eight times smaller in diameter than a strand of human hair. Another common type of composite material is fiberglass. Also known as glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP), fiberglass consists of glass fibers that are woven together with a base plastic to form a fabric-like material.
#5) Corrosion Resistant
Composite materials are corrosion resistant. This makes it particularly useful when used in the construction of airframes. Airframes, of course, are often exposed to moisture. They must be able to withstand rain and humidity without corroding. When made of composite materials, airframes won’t corrode.
